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1.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 71(1): e338, ene.-abr. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093549

ABSTRACT

Los arbovirus constituyen una de las principales causas de emergencia en salud por la morbilidad y mortalidad que producen y el estrés sanitario que conllevan. Cuba no ha estado excenta de riesgo, y el enfrentamiento del dengue inicialmente y de otros arbovirus después, ha sido, y es, una prioridad de las máximas autoridades del país. La vigilancia de laboratorio de dengue se estableció desde inicios de la década del 70 aunque sus objetivos y estrategias han cambiado según la situación epidemiológica nacional y regional y la tecnología de diagnóstico disponible. Se destacan cuatro etapas en su desarrollo. En este trabajo se resumen las estrategias desarrolladas para la vigilancia de laboratorio de dengue y de otros arbovirus en el periodo de 1970 a 2017. Se describe además el papel desempeñado por el Instituto de Medicina Tropical, ¨Pedro Kouri¨ (IPK) como Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia(AU)


Arboviruses are one of the leading causes of health emergencies due to their morbidity and mortality and the sanitary stress they bring about. Cuba has not been free from risk, and the response first to dengue fever and then to other arboviruses has been and still is a priority for the country's top authorities. Laboratory surveillance of dengue fever was implemented in the 1970s, though its aims and strategies have evolved in keeping with the national and regional epidemiological situation, and the available diagnostic technology. Four stages stand out in the development of dengue laboratory surveillance. The present paper summarizes the strategies developed for laboratory surveillance of dengue fever and other arboviruses in the period 1970-2017. A description is also provided of the role played by Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK) as a national reference laboratory(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Arbovirus Infections/prevention & control , Surveillance in Disasters , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue Virus/immunology , Public Health Laboratory Services
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 34(supl.1): 108-113, abr. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-712427

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La vigilancia de la resistencia a medicamentos antituberculosos permite alertar sobre el hallazgo de aislamientos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis multirresistentes y extremadamente resistentes . Objetivo. Determinar los patrones de resistencia de los aislamientos de M. tuberculosis recuperados en Cuba entre los años 2010 y 2011 y demostrar el desempeño del Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en la ejecución de las pruebas de sensibilidad. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo longitudinal en el que se incluyeron 657 aislamientos de M. tuberculosis recibidos de todo el país. Se empleó el método de la nitrato reductasa para detectar resistencia a isoniacida y rifampicina, y el método de las proporciones para corroborar la resistencia a dichos medicamentos e investigar la sensibilidad a estreptomicina, etambutol, ofloxacina, kanamicina y capreomicina en aislamientos multirresistentes. Como parte del control de calidad externo de las pruebas de sensibilidad, se evaluaron dos paneles de cepas de M. tuberculosis . Resultados. En 95,69 % de los aislamientos recuperados de casos nuevos de tuberculosis y en 72,64 % de los recuperados de casos previamente tratados, se encontró sensibilidad a isoniacida y rifampicina, siendo la multirresistencia de 1,03 y 10,38 %, respectivamente. Se encontraron dos aislamientos extremadamente resistentes. Con la excepción del etambutol y la capreomicina, para todos los medicamentos la eficiencia fue de 100% en el control de calidad externo. Conclusiones. Se confirmó la baja prevalencia de aislamientos de M. tuberculosis multirresistentes en Cuba, resultado avalado por el excelente desempeño demostrado en el control de calidad externo de las pruebas de sensibilidad.


Introduction: Antituberculosis-drug resistance surveillance is very important to identify multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Objective: To determine the prevalence of resistance in M. tuberculosis strains isolated between 2010 and 2011, and to demonstrate the laboratory performance in the external quality control of drug susceptibility testing. Materials and methods: A prospective longitudinal study was carried out to determine antituberculosis-drug resistance in 657 M. tuberculosis isolates obtained throughout the country. The nitrate reductase assay was used to detect resistance to isoniazid and rifampin. The proportion method was performed to confirm resistance to these drugs and to further investigate in multidrug-resistant isolates their susceptibility to streptomycin, ethambutol, ofloxacin, kanamycin and capreomycin. Additionally, as part of external quality control, susceptibility was evaluated in two M. tuberculosis strain panels. Results: In 95.69% of the isolates recovered from new tuberculosis cases, and in 72.64 % of isolates from previously treated patients we found susceptibility to isoniazid and rifampicin; multidrug resistance was 1,03 and 10.38%, respectively. We found two extensively resistant isolates. Except for ethambutol and capreomycin, the efficiency of all other drugs was 100% in the external quality control. Conclusion: The study confirmed the low prevalence of M. tuberculosis multidrug-resistant isolates in Cuba. This result was confirmed by the external quality control of drug susceptibility testing.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Tuberculosis/microbiology , Clone Cells/drug effects , Cuba/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Laboratories/statistics & numerical data , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Rifampin/pharmacology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Tuberculosis/epidemiology
3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612948

ABSTRACT

Objective. To identify infection-causing Enterococcus species in Cuban hospitalsand determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs, as well as their resistance mechanisms. Methods. A total of 687 Enterococcus isolates from 30 Cuban hospitals in nine provinces of the country were studied over the period 2000–2009. The species were identified using both the conventional method and the automatic API® system.The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for 13 antimicrobial drugs following the standards recommended by the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to characterize the genes that were resistant to aminoglycosides, erythromycin, tetracycline, andglucopeptides. The presence of beta-lactamase was determined by the chromogenic cephalosporin test. Results. The most prevalent species were Enterococcus faecalis (82.9%) and E. faecium (12.2%). Resistance to glucopeptides (1.0%) was mediated by the vanA and vanB genes. The strains resistant to ampicillin (6%) did not produce beta-lactamases. A high percentage of resistance to aminoglycosides was observed. Gentamicin (31.0%) and streptomycin and amikacin (29.1%) were mediated by the aac(6’)Ie-aph(2”)Ia, aph(3’)-IIIa, ant(6)Ia, and ant(3”)(9) genes. A correlation was found between resistance to tetracycline (56.0%) and presence of the tet(M) (75.1%) and tet(L) genes (7.0%), while resistance to erythromycin (34.1%) was due to the erm(B) gene (70.9%). Conclusions. Resistance to vancomycin is infrequent in Cuba, as opposed to a high level of resistance to aminoglycosides, which may be indicative of treatment failures. The microbiology laboratory is a cornerstone of Enterococcus infectionsurveillance, along with ongoing monitoring of the susceptibility of these infections to antimicrobial drugs at a time when resistance of this microorganism is on the rise.


Objetivo. Identificar las especies de Enterococcus causantes de infecciones en hospitales cubanos, su susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos y sus mecanismos de resistencia.Métodos. Se estudiaron 687 aislamientos de Enterococcus procedentes de 30 hospitalescubanos de nueve provincias del país durante el período de 2000 a 2009. La identificación de las especies se realizó mediante el método convencional y sistema automatizado API®. Laconcentración inhibitoria mínima se determinó para 13 antimicrobianos según las recomendaciones del Instituto de Estándares Clínicos y de Laboratorio. Se determinaron los genes de resistencia a aminoglucósidos, eritromicina, tetraciclina y glucopéptidos mediante reacciónen cadena de la polimerasa. La presencia de betalactamasa se determinó por el método de lacefalosporina cromógena. Resultados. Las especies más prevalentes fueron Enterococcus faecalis (82,9%) y Enterococcus faecium (12,2%). La resistencia a los glucopéptidos (1,0%) estuvo mediada por los genes vanA y vanB y las cepas resistentes a ampicilina (6%) no produjeron betalactamasas. Se observó un alto porcentaje de resistencia a los aminoglucósidos: gentamicina (31,0%) y estreptomicina y amikacina (29,1%) mediada por los genes aac(6’)Ie-aph(2”)Ia, aph(3’)-IIIa, ant(6)Ia, ant(3”)(9). Hubo correlación entre la resistencia a tetraciclina (56,0%) y la presencia de los genes tet(M) (75,1%) y tet(L) (7,0%), mientras que la resistencia a eritromicina (34,1%) obedeció al gen erm(B) (70,9%).Conclusiones. La resistencia a vancomicina es infrecuente en Cuba, a diferencia del alto nivel de resistencia a los aminoglucósidos, que sugiere posibles fracasos terapéuticos. El laboratorio de microbiología constituye un pilar fundamental de la vigilancia de las infecciones por cepas de Enterococcus y el monitoreo continuo de su susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos,dado el incremento de la resistencia de ese microorganismo en el tiempo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Enterococcus/genetics , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Aminoglycosides/pharmacology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cuba , Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Enterococcus faecalis/enzymology , Enterococcus faecalis/genetics , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecium/enzymology , Enterococcus faecium/genetics , Enterococcus faecium/isolation & purification , Enterococcus/enzymology , Enterococcus/isolation & purification , Genes, Bacterial , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Species Specificity , Vancomycin Resistance/genetics
4.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 30(6): 615-618, Dec. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612959

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de la resistencia a los fármacos antituberculosos en Cuba en el decenio 2000–2009. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo longitudinal. El universo de trabajo estuvo constituido por un total de 2 285 aislamientos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis obtenidos de todo el país en el período comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2009. Se empleó el método de las proporciones en medio Löwenstein-Jensen con los fármacos de primera línea: isoniazida, estreptomicina, etambutol y rifampicina. Resultados. La resistencia entre los casos nuevos y los pacientes con antecedente de tratamiento previo fue de 8,5% y 37,0%, respectivamente; para estas mismas categorías de caso, la multirresistencia fue de 0,4% y 8,8%, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El presente estudio muestra baja prevalencia de cepas multirresistentes en Cuba. Estos resultados reflejan los avances logrados por el programa nacional de control, que trabaja en la actualidad hacia la eliminación de la tuberculosis como problema de salud pública en el país.


Objective. Determine the prevalence of resistance to antitubercular drugs in Cuba in the 2000–2009 decade. Methods. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted. The sample group consisted of 2 285 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates obtained from throughout the country in the period from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2009. The proportion method was used in Löwenstein-Jensen media with the first-line drugs: isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, and rifampicin. Results. In the new cases and patients with a history of previous treatment, resistance was 8.5% and 37.0%, respectively. In these case categories, multidrug resistance was 0.4% and 8.8%, respectively. Conclusions. This study shows low prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains in Cuba. The results reflect the progress made by the national control program, which is currently working on the elimination of tuberculosis as a public health problem in the country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Tuberculosis/microbiology , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Cuba/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Follow-Up Studies , Infection Control/organization & administration , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/prevention & control , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/prevention & control
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-173370

ABSTRACT

The study evaluated the antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori strains against metronidazole and clarithromycin in a hospital in Havana, Cuba. Eighty-five percent, 22.5%, and 10% of 40 H. pylori strains investigated were resistant to metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and clarithromycin respectively but all were susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline. RdxA truncation was found only in metronidazole-resistant strains. In such strains, reported are eight and two novel mutations in the rdxA and frxA genes respectively. Two-point mutations in the 23S rRNA genes of clarithromycin-resistant strains were detected. A high prevalence of metronidazole resistance was found in Cuban H. pylori strains. Mutations in the rdxA gene may contribute more significantly than frxA gene to the high level of resistance to metronidazole. This study supports the need to continue monitoring the antibiotic susceptibility in H. pylori in Cuba to guide the treatment of such infection.

7.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 60(2)mayo-ago. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-506347

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: conocer la prevalencia de especies de enterococos causantes de infecciones en niño, su virulencia, susceptibilidad antimicrobiana e infecciones más frecuentes. Métodos: se estudiaron 156 aislamientos de enterococos causantes de infecciones en niños ingresados en el Hospital Octavio de la Concepción y La Pedraja, Holguín. Se llevó a cabo la identificación de especies y detección de factores de virulencia por métodos fenotípicos. Se determinó la concentración inhibitoria mínima para vancomicina, ciprofloxacina, ampicilina, gentamicina, estreptomicina, cloranfenicol, nitrofurantoína, eritromicina, tetraciclina, levofloxacina y norfloxacina, según las normas del Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Resultados: las cepas se aislaron de sangre, orina, heridas quirúrgicas, piel y tejido blando, oído medio, vulva, punta de catéter, líquido peritoneal, vagina, esperma, líquido cefalorraquídeo, y otras fuentes. La especie prevalente fue Enterococcus faecalis, seguido por Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum y Enterococcus raffinossus, Enterococcus casseliflavus y Enterococcus avium. La producción de proteasa y hemolisina se detectó solo en E. faecalis. E. faecium mostró porcentajes más altos de resistencia a ampicilina, ciprofloxacina, norfloxacina, levofloxacina, mientras que E. faecalis mostró más resistencia a eritromicina, cloranfenicol y tetraciclina. De E. faecalis 58 aislamientos y 12 de E. faecium presentaron altos niveles de resistencia a gentamicina, así como 45 y 32,3 por ciento mostraron altos niveles de resistencia para estreptomicina, respectivamente. Se detectó una cepa de E. faecium resistente a vancomicina. Conclusiones: la circulación de cepas de enterococos virulentas y resistentes a diferentes antibióticos indica la necesidad del control de la infección enterocócica...


Objectives: to find out the prevalence of Enterococcus species causing child infections, their virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility and most frequent infections. Methods: One hundred and fifty six isolations from Enterococcus causing infections in children, admitted to Octavio de la Concepción y La Pedraja hospital in Holguin, were studied. The phenotypical methods allowed identifying species and detecting virulence factors. Following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute requirements, minimal inhibitory concentration was determined for vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, ampicilline, gentamycin, streptomycin, chloranphenicol, nitrofurantoine, erythromycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin and norfloxacine. Results: Strains were isolated from the blood, the urine, surgical wounds, the skin and the soft tissue, the middle ear, the vulva, catheter point, peritoneal fluid, vagina, sperm, cerebrospinal fluid, and from other sources. The prevailing species was Enterococcus faecalis followed by Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum y Enterococcus raffinossus, Enterococcus casseliflavus y Enterococcus avium. Protease and hemolysin was only detected in E. faecalis. E. faecium accounted for the highest percentage of resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacine, norfloxacin, levofloxacin whereas E. faecalis was more resistant to erythromycin, chloranphenicol and tetracycline. Fifty eight E. faecalis isolates and 12 E. faecium isolates exhibited the highest levels of resistance to gentamycin, as well as 45 percent and 32.3 percent of samples had high levels of resistance to streptomycin respectively. A vancomycin-resistent E. faecium strain was detected. Conclusions: The circulation of virulent and multiple resistant Enterococcus strains indicates that Enterococcus infection need to be controlled and the importance of monitoring antimicrobial susceptibility...


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Enterococcus/virology , Cross Infection/complications , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Cuba , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
8.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 59(3)sep.-dic. 2007. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-489453

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron 422 cepas de Vibrio cholerae no-O1 procedentes de 9 provincias del país, de ellas 9 aisladas de un brote de enfermedad de transmisión hídrica. En la totalidad de las cepas se determinó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y la presencia de factores de virulencia. En las 9 cepas procedentes del brote, se realizó además, el estudio de macrorrestricción de ADN mediante la técnica de electroforesis de campo pulsado. Se demostró por primera vez en Cuba y el Caribe, la circulación de cepas de V. cholerae no-O1 atípicas (resistentes al compuesto vibriostático O129 y al trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol). El comportamiento de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana demostró por primera vez la circulación en Cuba de 2 patrones diferentes de resistencia (ampicilina, trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, sulfonamida y tetraciclina, trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, sulfonamida). La frecuencia de cepas resistentes al trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol se mantuvo similar en todo el período de estudio. Sin embargo, se produjo un decrecimiento de la resistencia a la ampicilina y un aumento de la resistencia a la tetraciclina. Los principales factores de virulencia que se encontraron fueron la gelatinasa, la hemolisina, la elastasa y la adherencia a células HEp-2. Sin embargo, las cepas del brote mostraron mayores porcentajes que el resto, para la presencia de la toxina termoestable y la presencia de fimbrias. Los resultados de los estudios molecular y epidemiológico permitieron dar una respuesta acelerada y precisa sobre la etiología del primer brote de enfermedad de transmisión alimentaria.


The study of 422 non-01 Vibrio cholerae strains from nine provinces, 9 of them isolated from a water-borne disease outbreak, was performed. All the strains exhibited antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factors. The nine strains from the outbreak were subjected to a DNA macrorestriction study based on the pulsed field electrophoresis technique. For the first time in Cuba and the Caribbean, the circulation of atypical non-01 V. Cholerae strains (resistent to vibriostatic compound 0129 and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). The behavior of antimicrobial susceptibility evinced for the first time the circulation of two different resistence patterns in Cuba (ampicilline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide and tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide). The frequency of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistent strains was similar during the whole period of study. However, resistance to ampicilline decreased whereas resistance to tetracycline increased. The main found virulence factors were gelatinase, hemolysine, elastase and adherence to Hep-2 cells. On the other hand, the outbreak strains showed higher percentages than the others due to the presence of heat-liable toxin and fimbriae. The results of the molecular and epidemiological studies allowed giving a speedy and accurate response that explained the etiology of the first food-borne disease outbreak.


Subject(s)
Vibrio cholerae non-O1/pathogenicity , Cuba
9.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 59(2)mayo-ago. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-489539

ABSTRACT

Se analizaron 41 cepas de Escherichia coli, aisladas en niños menores de 5 años con diarreas agudas, procedentes de las diferentes provincias del país. Fueron probados 4 importantes determinantes fenotípicos: sorbosa, sorbitol, enterohemolisina y la serología de O157: H7, para seleccionar las cepas de la categoría enterohemorrágica o productora de toxina shiga. De igual modo fueron caracterizadas por el método de biotipaje y de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. El uso de las pruebas fenotípicas mostró 6 cepas con características presuntivas, de estas, 4 mostraron mayor probabilidad de pertenecer a la categoría productora de toxina shiga. En el ensayo de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana las cepas mostraron elevada resistencia, sobre todo para la ampicilina y el trimetropin-sulfametoxasol. Otro hallazgo de interés fueron los valores de resistencia y de susceptibilidad intermedia obtenidos para el augmentin, aztreonan y ceftriaxona. Se alcanzaron 12 patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana y de ellos 10 resaltaron por ser multirresistentes.


Forty strains of Escherichia coli isolated from children under 5 years of age with acute diarreas, coming from different provinces of the country , were analyzed. Four important phenotypical determinants were tested: sorbosa, sorbitol, enterohemolysin and 0157: H7 serology, in order to select those strains from enterohemorrhagic or Shiga toxin-producing category. Likewise, they were characterized by biotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility methods. The use of phenotypical tests showed six strains with presumptive characteristics, four of which were most likely to be Shiga toxin-producing strains. In antimicrobial susceptibility test, the strains showed high resistance mainly to ampicillin and trimethrophin-sulfamethoxasole. Another interesting finding were intermediate resistance and susceptibility values to augmentin, aztreonan and ceftriaxone. There were 12 antimicrobial resistance patterns of which 10 were multi-resistant.


Subject(s)
Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Products with Antimicrobial Action
11.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 56(2)mayo-ago. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-394277

ABSTRACT

Se estudió la seroconversión en 408 individuos vacunados y 135 placebo, incluidos en 2 ensayos clínicos de la vacuna cubana contra la leptospirosis humana. Se estudiaron 2 dosis vacunales y 5 esquemas. Seroconvirtieron de 38 vacunados (Fase I), 11 (29 por ciento) por MAT y 12 (32 por ciento) por ELISA, y de 33 placebo, 2 (6 por ciento) y 3( 9 por ciento) respectivamente. En la Fase II de 68 vacunados (dosis de 0,25 mL) y de 65 (dosis de 0,50 mL), seroconvirtieron 21 (31 por ciento) y 16 (25 por ciento) por ELISA respectivamente, por MAT 9 (13 por ciento) y 7 (11 por ciento) individuos fueron positivos. No hubo diferencias significativas entre las dosis utilizadas. La seroconversión por MAT, en 237 individuos vacunados con diferentes esquemas, fue de 22,4 por ciento, no existiendo diferencias significativas entre estos. En la mayoría de los individuos reactivos, se encontraron niveles de anticuerpos al menos a una de las cepas vacunales. Se recomendó, buscar y evaluar otros métodos para demostrar in vivo, el nivel de protección de esta vacuna


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Clinical Trials as Topic , Leptospirosis , Vaccines , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Serologic Tests/methods
12.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 56(1)ene.-abr. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-387010

ABSTRACT

Se utilizó la prueba no treponémica de detección rápida de reaginas plasmáticas y la prueba treponémica de hemaglutinación de Treponema pallidum, en la detección de la infección por T. pallidum en 60 hombres que presentaban la infección VIH/SIDA con diagnóstico clínico-epidemiológico de sífilis. Se confirmó que 30 por ciento presentaba sífilis reciente adquirida sintomática o latente y que 10 por ciento poseía marcadores de infección pasada tratada o de sífilis tardía adquirida latente, mientras que en 60 por ciento restante no se detectó reactividad serológica. Se realizó, además, un estudio de seroprevalencia de anticuerpos reagínicos por detección rápida de reaginas plasmáticas en 59 mujeres con VIH/SIDA, utilizando como control 67 mujeres negativas a este virus, todas sin síntomas compatibles con la infección sifilítica. Se obtuvo que 20,3 y 11,9 por ciento, respectivamente, mostraban reactividad, lo que estableció un diagnóstico probable de sífilis o una serorresitencia a una sífilis anterior. Estos resultados muestran una fuerte asociación entre sífilis y VIH/SIDA y que ambas enfermedades pueden coexistir en un mismo paciente


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Serologic Tests , Treponema pallidum , Hemagglutination Tests/methods
13.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 98(8): 1089-1091, Dec. 2003. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-355740

ABSTRACT

Four methods (chromogenic, acidimetric, inhibition, and iodometric) for demonstration of the beta-lactamase production by 70 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, were evaluated in Cuba. There was 100 percent correlation between all beta-lactamase methods and the standardized penicillin dilution susceptibility test for penicillinase-non-producing N. gonorrhoeae. For penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae strains, there was a perfect correlation between the chromogenic method and penicillin susceptibility testing, but one and two strains failed to give a positive result for beta-lactamase with the inhibition/acidimetric and the iodometric methods, respectively. There was a high concordance between the chromogenic method, considered as gold standard and the rest of penicillinase tests evaluated: Kappa Index (KI) = 0.98 for inhibition/acidimetric methods and KI = 0.97 for the iodometric method. The four methods evaluated were accurate, reproducible, easily readable, economical, and ease to use for screening primary isolates of N. gonorrhoeae in Cuba. We recommended the use of the inhibition method, when testing the penicillinase activity in gonococcal isolates in provincial and municipal reference laboratories.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Bacteriological Techniques , beta-Lactamases , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Cuba , Drug Resistance , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity
14.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 97(8): 1073-1077, Dec. 15, 2002. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-326319

ABSTRACT

To determine the prevalence rates and serovar distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infections in Cuban women, two different groups were selected. Group I consisted of 60 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) seropositive women from different regions of Cuba and group II of 60 randomly selected women HIV seronegative and apparently healthy. C. trachomatis was detected in cervical scrapes by mean of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for major out membrane protein. The overall prevalence rate of C. trachomatis in cervical scrapes determined by nested PCR was 10 percent in group I and the estimated prevalence was 6.6 percent for group II; 83.3 percent of HIV seropositive women with C. trachomatis infection reported history of pelvic inflammatory disease followed by cervicitis (50 percent). The control group C. trachomatis-infected women referred a history of cervicitis in 75 percent of cases. Other reports in the latter group included infertility and pelvic inflamatory disease in 50 percent. The present study is the first report of C. trachomatis prevalence in Cuba. It showed that there was not significantly difference in the prevalence rate of C. trachomatis between both groups


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Chlamydia Infections , Chlamydia trachomatis , HIV Infections , HIV-1 , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Chlamydia Infections , Cuba , Parity , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Porins , Prevalence , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/complications , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/diagnosis , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Uterine Cervicitis , Vaginal Smears
15.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 52(2): 106-109, May-Aug. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-333488

ABSTRACT

The antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of a heat-stable toxin were researched into 100 non-01 Vibrio cholerae strains sent by 7 different health centers to the National Reference Laboratory of Acute Diarrheal Diseases in "Pedro KourÝ" Tropical Medicine Institute. The presence of 20 toxigenic non-01 Vibrio cholerae was detected, a figure substantially higher than that reported in other geographic areas, except for endemic areas. This result will make it possible to set epidemiological alert in Cuba because these strains can be infected by CTX phages (element transporting genes that encode for choleric toxin) which will give such strains an epidemic potential similar to that of the etiologic agent of cholera. The identified strains could be studied as possible cholera vaccine candidates.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Infant , Child, Preschool , Mice , Cholera Toxin/isolation & purification , Vibrio cholerae , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Cuba , Feces , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Serotyping , Cholera Toxin/analysis , Vibrio cholerae
16.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 52(1): 10-14, Jan.-Apr. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-333504

ABSTRACT

The antigenic structure and antimicrobial susceptibility were studied in 99 strains isolated from patients with acute diarrhea (6 strains from an outbreak of digestive transmission disease in Santiago de Cuba) and a strain isolated from a patient who died from infections neurological syndrome (INS, meningitis). Four new serotypes (093, 994, 095, 096), which had not been described in the world classification, were identified from the Cuban isolated strains and were included in the International Serotyping Scheme by the International Reference Center located in Prague, Czech Republic. For the first time in Cuba, the circulation of serotypes 017:H11, 011: H2, 023. H1alc, 057: H3 which show cross reaction to Shiguella species was proved. Those strains from the outbreak of digestive disease belonged to serotype 050: H11 and had a thermostable toxin. The first case of infectious neurologic syndrome with Plesionomas shigelloides etiology reported in Cuba was described; the strain corresponded to serotype 050: H11. The worldwide reported pattern of antimicrobial resistance was demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diarrhea , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections , Plesiomonas , Acute Disease , Amikacin , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Infective Agents , Cefotaxime , Cephalosporins , Cephalothin , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Kanamycin , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plesiomonas , Serotyping , Streptomycin , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/pharmacology
20.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 92(1): 31-2, Jan.-Feb. 1997.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-182850
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